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Pitx1 is the one of few transcription factors shown to be expressed exclusively in hindlimbs and not in forelimbs. Yet, its regulation in mammals continues to be largely unknown. Here, we identified an unexpectedly complex regulatory basis of hindlimb- specific Pitx1 expression that expands the current model of enhancer sequences as the sole determinants of tissue specificity.
We demonstrate that Pitx1 is regulated by the active fore- and hindlimb enhancer, Pen, that is required for normal expression of Pitx1 in hindlimbs, but does not activate Pitx1 expression in forelimbs. Buy a dissertation online lesen deutsch of the chromatin architecture of the Pitx1 locus in both fore-and hindlimb buds using cHi-C and derived 3D-models, revealed a modular regulatory landscape that is not confined to a TAD structure. In the hindlimb, the locus forms an active MAD that enable Pen and Pitx1 interactions, producing a transcriptionally active pocket.
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Disruption of this segregated forelimb chromatin conformation buy a dissertation online lesen deutsch engineered mice, as well as in human Liebenberg syndrome patients, results in forelimb Pitx1 misexpression, and a partial transformation of forelimb online lesen deutsch into a hindlimb-like. This work provides further understanding of gene regulation whereby unspecific enhancer activity is actively regulated by buy dissertation dynamics in 3D-chromatin architecture, independent of TADs, to confer a tissue specific transcriptional output.
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